Janet Nolan, Ph.D., “Servants of the Poor: Teachers in Ireland and Irish-America at the Turn of the 20th Century”
Urged by their mothers to pursue an education, the “one thing they can’t take away,” the American daughters of Irish-born mothers are the unsung heroines of Irish achievement in the United States. While immigrant mothers often became servants of the American rich, their educated daughters became servants of the poor in America’s public schools. By